Fuel nozzle



Feb. 14, 1956 1 R. cARMAN 2,734,775

FUEL NOZZLE Filed Sept. 5, 1955 1 N VE NTOR son /Z var/72am ATTORNEY.:

United States Patent O FUEL NOZZLE Leon R. Carman, Eau Gallie, Fla. Application September 3, 1953, Serial No. 378,446 3 Claims. (Cl. 299-107) (Granted under Title 35, U. S. Code (1952), sec. 266) This invention relates to new fuel injector or nozzle construction.

The problem of keeping fuel injectors or nozzles at a reasonable temperature level has been coped with in many ways, none having provided a completely satisfactory solution. Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a more satisfactory solution to the problem by forming an engine combustion chamber nozzle with one or more layers of wire cloth to transmit the cooling medium from the inner surfaces to the outer surfaces of the nozzles and/ or injectors. In the past, rocket engines have been made with combustion chambers lined with ceramic in order to provide for iilm or sweat cooling. The use of ceramic or very porous metals in the manufacture of nozzles has the serious failing of rapidly changing in cooling fluid flow rate with time, and of being too brittle.

Other objects and features will become apparent in following the description of the illustrated form of the invention.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary elevational view of an engine, parts broken away to show the location of several fuel nozzles in the combustion chamber;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a nozzle made in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional View of the nozzle.

In Fig. l the engine fragment is representative of any type of conventional engine having need for a fuel injector or nozzle. In a typical case, fuel from manifold 12 enters the nozzle 14 for ultimate emission and burning.

Nozzle 14 consists of a base 16 adapted to be threaded into the manifold or otherwise connected thereto for uid ow into the nozzle. Nozzle body 18 is made of a cylindrical wall of wire cloth of any suitable mesh and aperture size for effective transpiration cooling. The outer 2,734,775 Patented Feb. 14, 1956 end of the nozzle body 18 is smoothly tapered to a tip 20 through which the fuel discharges.

Tip 20 may be reinforced in any manner such as by using a small sleeve 22 formed as a grommet clamped in place to dene a discharge orifice of proper cross sectional area.

The nozzle may have a single layer of wire cloth, preferably metal wire, as its wall (Fig. 2) or, may have a plurality of layers as shown in the embodiment of Fig. 4, where layers 26 and 28 are laminated to form the nozzle wall. In either case, that is a single wall thickness or a laminated wall, the operation is the same. Due to pressure drop between the interior and exterior surfaces of the nozzle, it is cooled by the film or sweat cooling practice.

In view of the simplicity of the structural embodiments of the invention further description is not necessary. However, it is understood that variations may be made without departing from the following claims.

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

In the claims:

1. A fuel nozzle for use in the combustion chamber of an engine consisting of a base having a passage therethrough and adatped to be connected to a source of fuel, an exterior wall of wire cloth connected to said base, and means in said Wall defining a discharge orifice, said orifice being substantially larger than the apertures of said cloth, said wall being adapted to be exposed to the heat of the combustion chamber, whereby said nozzle will be sweat cooled by the passage of fuel through said wall directly into the combustion chamber.

2. The nozzle of claim l, said wire cloth being laminated.

3. In an engine having a fuel intake manifold, a fuel nozzle secured at one end to the manifold for feeding fuel into the engine combustion chamber from the manifold, said nozzle comprising an elongated generally cylindrical member having a substantially rounded tip at the end remote from the manifold and being formed of wire mesh cloth, the tip being perforated and the perforation containing a grommet forming a fuel discharge opening at the tip end of the mesh nozzle.

References Cited inthe le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 460,368 Splittstoser Sept. 29, 1891 1,902,887 y Oppenheim Mar. 28, 1933 2,447,482 Arnold Aug. 24, 1948 2,551,114 Goddard May 1, 1951 

